Showing posts with label Heath Anthology of American Literature. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Heath Anthology of American Literature. Show all posts

Wednesday, October 29, 2025

Ann Eliza Bleecker's "Written in the Retreat from Burgoyne"

Recently, I read Ann Eliza Bleecker's "Written in the Retreat from Burgoyne" in The Heath Anthology of American Literature (Volume One, Second Edition) and noticed some significance in the structure.  The majority of the poem is rhymed couplets (sometimes merely with slant rhymes), but these are interrupted at the point where Bleecker's daughter dies:
At length her languid eyes clos'd from the day,
The idol of my soul was torn away;
Her spirit fled and left me ghastly clay!
Obviously, instead of a pair of rhymed lines, there's a trio here.  This break from the established structure hints at the disruption that Bleecker's daughter's death has on her.  Later in the poem, she describes her profound grief.

Alternatively, this section could be seen as a pair (with the rhymes "day" and "away") followed by a single, unaccompanied line ("Her spirit fled and left me ghastly clay!").  In this reading, the lack of a poetic complement mirrors Bleecker's loss.

Wednesday, March 9, 2022

Edward Johnson's "Poem for Thomas Hooker"

Near the end of last year, I started reading the Heath Anthology of American Literature again, after having set it aside for four years.  Recently, I've been reading a section titled "A Selection of Seventeenth-Century Poetry."  One of the poems is "Poem for Thomas Hooker" by Edward Johnson.  I noticed a slew of Biblical allusions (appropriate since Hooker was a "Puritan preacher and theologian"), and since the anthology doesn't cite any of them, I thought I'd note them here.

Here's the poem:
Come, Hooker, come forth of thy native soile:
    Christ, I will run, sayes Hooker, thou hast set
My feet at large, here spend thy last dayes toile;
    Thy Rhetorick shall peoples affections whet.
Thy Golden Tongue, and Pen Christ caus'd to be
    The blazing of his golden truths profound,
Thou sorry worme its Christ wrought this in thee;
    What Christ hath wrought must needs be very sound.
Then looke on Hookers workes, they follow him
    To Grave, this worthy resteth there a while:
Die shall he not that hath Christs warrier bin;
    Much lesse Christ Truth, cleer'd by his peoples toile.
Thou Angell bright, by Christ for light now made,
    Throughout the World as seasoning salt to be,
Although in dust thy body mouldering fade;
    Thy Head's in Heaven, and hath a crown for thee.
"Christ, I will run, sayes Hooker, thou hast set / My feet at large" seems to be a reference to Isaiah 52:7:  "How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him who brings good news, who publishes peace, who brings good news of happiness, who publishes salvation, who says to Zion, 'Your God reigns.'"  The same idea also appears in Romans 10:15:  "And how are they to preach unless they are sent?  As it is written, 'How beautiful are the feet of those who preach the good news!"  The poem may also incorporate Hebrews 12:1 ("let us run with endurance the race that is set before us").

"Thou sorry worme" bears some resemblance to Psalm 22:6:  "But I am a worm and not a man, scorned by mankind and despised by the people."

"Thou Angell bright, by Christ for light now made, / Throughout the World as seasoning salt to be" contains two elements from the Sermon on the Mount.  In successive verses (13 and 14) in Matthew 5, Jesus says, "You are the salt of the earth" and "You are the light of the world."

The lines "Although in dust thy body mouldering fade; / Thy Head's in Heaven, and hath a crown for thee" include multiple allusions.  "Although in dust thy body mouldering fade" could refer either to "for you are dust, and to dust you shall return" in Genesis 3:19 or the similar "All are from the dust, and to dust all return" in Ecclesiastes 3:20.  As in the poem ("Thy Head's in Heaven"), Christ is called "the head" in 1 Corinthians 11:3 and Ephesians 5:23.  The "crown for thee" could refer either to Revelation 2:10 ("Be faithful unto death, and I will give you the crown of life") or James 1:12 ("Blessed is the man who remains steadfast under trial, for when he has stood the test he will receive the crown of life, which God has promised to those who love him").